Postman全功能指南：从接口调试到自动化测试实战

{
"account": "zhangsan",
"pwd": "123"
}

{
"account": "{{user}}",
"pwd": "{{mima}}"
}

    //获取一个环境变量
    pm.environment.get("variable_key");
    
    //获取一个全局变量
    pm.globals.get("variable_key");
    
    //获取一个普通变量
    pm.variables.get("variable_key");
    
    //设置一个环境变量
    pm.environment.set("variable_key", "variable_value");
    
    //设置一个全局变量
    pm.globals.set("variable_key", "variable_value");
    
    //清空一个环境变量
    pm.environment.unset("variable_key");
    
    //清空一个全局变量
    pm.globals.unset("variable_key");
    
    //发送一个请求
    pm.sendRequest("https://postman-echo.com/get", function (err, response) {
        if(err){
            console.log(err);
        }else{
             console.log(response.json());
        }
    });
    
    /*pm.globals*/ 
    //检测全局变量是否包含某个变量---返回布尔值
    pm.globals.has(variableName:String)
    
    //获取全局变量中的某个值
    pm.globals.get(variableName:String)
    
    //为某个全局变量设置值
    pm.globals.set(variableName:String, variableValue:String)
    
    //销毁某个全局变量
    pm.globals.unset(variableName:String)
    
    //清除全局变量
    pm.globals.clear()
    
    //将全局变量以一个对象的方式全部输出
    pm.globals.toObject():function → Object

    //获取请求body某个字段值
    request.data["key"]=="value"
    
    //获取请求headers某个字段值
    request.headers["key"]=="value"
    
    //获取请求方法
    request.method
    
    //获取请求地址
    request.url
    
    //获取get请求的参数
    request.url.query.members
    
    
    //将请求参数转化为json对象
    —--post：JSON.parse(request.data)
    —--get：JSON.parse(request.url.query.members)
    
    //将字符串进行shal加密
    CryptoJS.SHA1(“string”)
    
    //将字符串进行md5加密
    CryptoJS.MD5(“string”)
    Tests

pm.environment.get("key", "value");

pm.globals.set("variable_key", "variable_value");

    pm.test("响应状态码为200", function () {
        pm.response.to.have.status(200);
    });
     
    pm.test("响应数据中包含json_key1", function () {
        pm.expect(pm.response.text()).to.include("json_key1");
    });
     
    pm.test("响应中的url值正确", function () {
        var jsonData = pm.response.json();
        pm.expect(jsonData.url).to.eql("http://10.0.6.2/post");
    });
     
    pm.test("Body is correct", function () {
        pm.response.to.have.body("response_body_string");
    });
     
    pm.test("响应头信息中包含Content-Type", function () {
        pm.response.to.have.header("Content-Type");
    });
     
    pm.test("响应时间小于300ms", function () {
        pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(300);
    });
    pm.test("Status code name has string", function () {
        pm.response.to.have.status("Created");
    });

//获取响应Cookies
responseCookies

//获取响应body
responseBody

//将响应体转化为json对象
JSON.parse(responseBody.data)

//将响应体转化为json字符串
JSON.stringify (responseBody.data)

    以OA登录为例：
    先请求接口获取登录code，再用code值去请求token接口，以获取token
    1、通过接口获取code
    （1）、接口如下
    curl --location --request POST 'http://api-oa.test.com/api/user/auth-code' \
    --header 'X-Client-Id: oa' \
    --header 'X-Timestamp: 1651050337' \
    --header 'X-Random: 6417' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --header 'X-Signature: 9f448334198d0db1f42c72846528a994' \
    --header 'Cookie: API_SESSID=vo17i0ifhlodmln5hk6cc9uv4n; _csrf_api=435b921e89ea007573acdb6e3d07a9f62d18dcbbc364507a975101159528c2b4a%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A9%3A%22_csrf_api%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A32%3A%22xVHmwETTMKww5tKKVqLM0P2RAu0DWWCE%22%3B%7D' \
    --data-raw '{
        "number": "10084"
    }'
    
    （2）、Pre-request Script代码
    var time = Math.round(new Date()/1000);
    var str_ranmod = Math.ceil(Math.random() * 10000);
    var sign_str="oa" + "_q0LEyk5D8RxJX4O_fOh8tIahXjq2pt4" + time.toString()+str_ranmod.toString();
    var sign_md5 = CryptoJS.MD5(sign_str).toString()//.toUpperCase();
    
    pm.environment.set("sign_md5",sign_md5);
    pm.environment.set("time",time);
    pm.environment.set("str_ranmod",str_ranmod);
    
    （3）、tests代码如下
    var body=JSON.parse(responseBody);
    console.log(body);
    var code = body.data.code;
    var client_id = body.data.oauth_client.client_id;
    var redirect_uri = body.data.oauth_client.redirect_uri;
    console.log(code)
    pm.environment.set("code",code);
    pm.environment.set("client_id",client_id);
    pm.environment.set("redirect_uri",redirect_uri);
    
    2、通过接口获取access_token，请求参数中需要带上code
    
    （1）、接口如下
    curl --location --request POST 'http://oauth-oa.test.com/token' \
    --header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    --data-raw '{
        "grant_type": "authorization_code",
        "code": "1ee94e2941c12159ede6d6e371bc8dbd63885570",
        "client_id": "oa",
        "client_secret": "_q0LEyk5D8RxJX4O_fOh8tIahXjq2pt4",
        "redirect_uri": "http://oa.test.com/login/"
    }'
    
    （2）、tests代码如下
    var body=JSON.parse(responseBody);
    console.log(body);
    var access_token = body.access_token;
    var token_type = body.token_type;
    var Authorization = token_type +  " "  + access_token
    console.log(Authorization);
    pm.environment.set("Authorization",Authorization);